| Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………….. | IV |
| Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………….. | V |
| Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………… | VI |
| List of Tables ………………………………………………………………….……… | IX |
| List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………….. | XI |
| Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………….. | 1 |
| CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION | |
| 1.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………..……….. | 3 |
| 1.2. Statement of the problem ……………………………………………………… | 7 |
| 1.3. Research Questions ……………………………………………….…………. | 8 |
| 1.4. Research Hypotheses ……………………………………………..………… | 8 |
| 1.5. Definition of important terms ……………………………..………………. | 9 |
| 1.6. Significance and Justification of the study……………………..……….. | 10 |
| 1.7. Limitations and Delimitation …………………………………………..….. | 11 |
| 1.8. Purpose of the study……………………………………………….………… | 12 |
| CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE | |
| 2.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………..……. | 16 |
| 2.2. Researches Relate to Recast …………..……………………………………. | 16 |
| 2.2.1. Theoretical Background of Recast …………………………………… | 16 |
| 2.2.2. Problems Remaining …………………………………………………….. | 17 |
| 2.2.2.1. The Definition of Recast …………………………………………….. | 17 |
| 2.2.2.2. Theoretical Value of Recast ……………………………………….. | 22 |
| 2.2.2.3. Practical advantages of Recast ………………………….………… | 22 |
| 2.2.2.4. Disadvantages of Recasts ………………………………….……….. | 22 |
| 2.2.2.5. Ambiguity of Recast ………………………………………………… | 22 |
| 2.2.3. Different types of Recasts …………………………………………..….. | 23 |
| 2.2.4. Claimed Implicitness of Recast ……………………………………….. | 24 |
| 2.2.5. Research Rationale ……………………………………………………… | 25 |
| 2.2.6. Recast in second and foreign language acquisition research ….. | 26 |
| 2.2.7. Empirical Studies ………………………………………………………… | 30 |
| 2.2.7.1. Descriptive Studies …………………………….….…………………. | 30 |
| 2.2.7.2. Experimental Studies …………………………………………….…. | 31 |
| 2.3. Researches Related to Metalinguistic Feedback ………………..….… | 33 |
| 2.3.1. Categories of Metalinguistic Feedback ………………………………. | 33 |
| 2.3.1.1. Syntactic Awareness ………………………..……………………….. | 34 |
| 2.3.1.2. Pragmatic Awareness …………………………………….………… | 37 |
| 2.3.2. Definition of Metalinguistic Feedback …………..………………….. | 42 |
| 2.3.3. Major Studies On Metalinguistic Feedback …………….………… | 44 |
| 2.4. Researches Related to Pronunciation …………………………………… | 46 |
| CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY | |
| 3.1. Introduction ………………………………………………..…………………. | 48 |
| 3.2. Participants ……………………..…………………………………………….. | 49 |
| 3.3. Instrumentation ……………………………………………………………… | 49 |
| 3.3.1. Recast and Metalinguistic Feedback Questionnaire ………….… | 50 |
| 3.4. Population and Sampling ……………………………………..…………… | 51 |
| 3.5. Design …………………………………………………………………………… | 52 |
| 3.6. Procedure and Data Collection ……………………….…………………… | 52 |
| 3.7. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………………….. | 53 |
| CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS | |
| 4.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………… | 55 |
| 4.2. Restatement of the Research Questions and Hypotheses ………..… | 55 |
| 4.3. Result of the description …………………………………………………… | 56 |
| 4.4. Descriptive Statistics of frequencies procedures …………………..… | 59 |
| 4.5. Test of Normality according to the questionnaire scores ………….. | 66 |
| 4.6. Descriptive Statistics according to the selected options …………….. | 68 |
| 4.7. Population Pyramids ……………………………………………………….. | 71 |
| 4.8. Pie Chart …………………………………………..……….……..…………… | 72 |
| 4.9. Bar Chart ……………………………………………………………………… | 75 |
| 4.10. Frequency Tables …………………………………………………………………… | 76 |
| 4.11. Analysis of the data related to the Research1st &2nd hypotheses | 91 |
| 4.12. Friedman Test …….………………………………………………..……….. | 92 |
| 4.13. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test …………………….……………………… | 93 |
| 4.14. Analysis of the data related to the Research 3rd hypothesis ………. | 95 |
|
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION and RECOMMENDATION |
|
| 5.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………… | 97 |
| 5.2. Discussion and Conclusion ………………………………………………… | 97 |
| 5.3. Implication ………………………………………………………………….… | 104 |
| 5.4. Recommendation ………………………………………………………..…… | 106 |
| Appendices | |
| Appendix A: Belief Questionnaire ………………………….………………… | 109 |
| Appendix B: Assessment …………………………………….……………….…. | 113 |
| Appendix C: Pilot Data …………………………….………………..………….. | 114 |
| Appendix D: Pilot Statistics …………………….……….……………..……….. | 117 |
| Appendix E: Questionnaire Data ………………………………………….…… | 118 |
| Appendix F: Questionnaire Scores ……………………………………….…… | 127 |
| References …………………………………………………………………………….. | 128 |
| Abstract in Farsi …………………………………………………………………….. | 136 |
LIST OF TABLES
یک مطلب دیگر :
دانلود پایان نامه روانشناسی با موضوع رفتار شهروندی
| Table 2.1: Definition of Recast ……………………………………………………. | 17 |
| Table 4.1: Reliability Statistics of the questionnaire ……………………………… | 56 |
| Table 4.2. Rotated Component Matrix ………………..…………………………… | 57 |
| Table 4.3: Reliability Statistics of the first ten questionnaire …………………… | 58 |
| Table 4.4: Reliability Statistics of the second ten questionnaire ………………… | 59 |
| Table 4.5: Reliability Statistics of the third ten questionnaire ………….………. | 59 |
| Table 4.6: Descriptive Statistics of 3 groups of the questions …………………… | 60 |
| Table 4.7: Tests of Normality according to the scores …………………………… | 66 |
| Table 4.8: Statistics of questions 1-10……………………………..………………. | 68 |
| Table 4.9: Statistics of questions 11-20……………………………………………. | 68 |
| Table 4.10: Statistics of questions 21-30 …………………………..……………… | 68 |
| Table 4.11: Q1 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 76 |
| Table 4.12: Q2 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 77 |
| Table 4.13: Q3 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 77 |
| Table 4.14: Q4 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 78 |
| Table 4.15: Q5 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 78 |
| Table 4.16: Q6 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 79 |
| Table 4.17: Q7 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 79 |
| Table 4.18: Q8 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 80 |
| Table 4.19: Q9 Frequency ………………………………………………………… | 80 |
| Table 4.20: Q10 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 81 |
| Table 4.21: Q11 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 81 |
| Table 4.22: Q12 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 82 |
| Table 4.23: Q13 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 82 |
| Table 4.24: Q14 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 83 |
| Table 4.25: Q15 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 83 |
| Table 4.26: Q16 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 84 |
| Table 4.27: Q17 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 84 |
| Table 4.28: Q18 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 85 |
| Table 4.29: Q19 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 85 |
| Table 4.30: Q20 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 86 |
| Table 4.31: Q21 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 86 |
| Table 4.32: Q22 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 87 |
| Table 4.33: Q23 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 87 |
| Table 4.34: Q24 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 88 |
| Table 4.35: Q25 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 88 |
| Table 4.36: Q26 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 89 |
| Table 4.37: Q27 Frequency …………………………………………………..…… | 89 |
| Table 4.38: Q28 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 90 |
| Table 4.39: Q29 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 90 |
| Table 4.40: Q30 Frequency ……………………………………………………….. | 91 |
| Table 4.41: Friedman Test…………………………………………………………. | 93 |
| Table 4.42: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test………………………………………….. | 94 |
LIST OF FIGURES
| Figure 4.1. Frequency histogram of scores Q1-Q10 ……………………………….. | 63 |
| Figure 4.2. Frequency histogram of scores Q11-Q20……………………………. | 64 |
| Figure 4.3. Frequency histogram of scores Q21-Q30………………………….. | 65 |
| Figure 4.4. Boxplot of 3 groups of questions ……………………………………… | 67 |
| Figure 4.5. Frequency mean comparison of scores Q11-Q20 & Q21-Q30 ……… | 71 |
| Figure 4.6. Mean pie chart of Q1-Q10 …………………………………………….. | 72 |
| Figure 4.7. Mean pie chart of Q11-Q20 …………………………………………… | 73 |
| Figure 4.8. Mean pie chart of Q21-Q30 …………………………………………… | 74 |
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[چهارشنبه 1399-08-14] [ 08:33:00 ب.ظ ]
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